Odewumi OS and Audu M

This study investigated the avian pests affecting cereal crops and the perception of the cereal growers on avian presence in their farmlands in Patigi and Edu Local government areas of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 267 questionnaires were administered. Data obtained were analysed both by descriptive and inferential statistics using chi square and correlation. Most of the respondents were male (57.3%) within the age group 51-60yrs. Also, 73% had secondary education with 53.2% from household size >8. Most, 29.6% had 16-20years farming experience with an average farm size of 3.76±1.08 hectares. Twenty-nine avian species were identified as pests of cereal crops. Village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) was the major pests of rice, maize, wheat and guinea corn while Red-headed quelea (Quelea erythrops) was the major pest of millet. Rice and maize are majorly attacked at the immature/milky stage, while millet, wheat and guinea corn are attacked majorly at the drying grain stage. The attacks happen in both seasons and at any time of the day. The average crop loss during each planting season was 26-50% (severe category). The effects of avian attack are; stunted growth, reduced crop yield and poor grain quality with weighted mean values of 4.75±0.24, 4.64±0.51 and 4.56±0.55 respectively. The cereal farmers adopted seven control measures. The weighted mean value of perception results ranged from 3.48±1.79 to 4.60±0.83. There was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between Gender and perceived effects of avian attack on cereal crops. Also, there was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between planting season and avian attack leading to reduced crop yield. Furthermore, the perception statement showed varying levels of significance to socio-demographic variables. Farm size, farming season, bird species, cereal crops and life stages showed significant (p<0.01) correlation with average crops loss. This research sheds light on the challenges faced by cereal crop farmers in Kwara State due to avian attack. Respondents recognized birds’ potential for income loss, farm abandonment, and discouragement. Recommendations include promoting integrated pest management, raising farmer awareness, fostering collaboration, supporting crop diversification, and establishing compensation mechanisms.

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