Tabassum Gowher, Mohd Majid Jamali, Rayees Afzal Mir, Mahjoora Majeed and Shafqat Jabbar Mir

The pristine Ichthyofauna of the Kashmir Himalaya is declining for a variety of reasons. Impurities in water bodies are currently causing instability, injury, or pain to both the physical systems and living organisms that occupy the environment. This study focuses on the elements that contribute to the declination of fish fauna in the Lidder River, a tributary of the Jhelum River. Fish species are not only resilient to highly polluted waterways, but they also exhibit a devastating spectrum of physical malformations that appear to reflect the extent of water pollution. Over the course of a year, three sites were focused on and analysed to emphasise the research problem. Water quality was shown to be degraded from June to September, which coincided with peak tourist season and agricultural and horticultural activity. Furthermore, the widespread use of fertilisers and pesticides devastates fish habitats, interfering with natural fish growth. Municipal sewage, home sewage, and hotel effluent all contribute to eutrophication and heavy metal bioaccumulation in fish bodies. In addition to the foregoing, the severe methods employed for illegal fishing devastate Lidder's biological status on a wide scale.

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